详解apache编译安装httpd-2.4.54及三种风格的init程序特点和区别

源码包编译实例

下面通过编译安装httpd来深入理解源码包安装(httpd-2.4.54)

下载编译工具,httpd以及其两个依赖包的源码包

//源码包建议到官方网站下载

[root@lnh ~]# mkdir xbz
[root@lnh ~]# cd xbz/
[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget
[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz

安装apr

[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 
[root@lnh xbz]# ls 
apr-1.7.0  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//将apr解压到当前目录
[root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-1.7.0/
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ls
apr-config.in  build-outputs.mk  helpers       misc           strings
apr.dep        CHANGES           include       mmap           support
apr.dsp        CMakeLists.txt    libapr.dep    network_io     tables
apr.dsw        config.layout     libapr.dsp    NOTICE         test
apr.mak        configure         libapr.mak    NWGNUmakefile  threadproc
apr.pc.in      configure.in      libapr.rc     passwd         time
apr.spec       docs              LICENSE       poll           tools
atomic         dso               locks         random         user
build          emacs-mode        Makefile.in   README
build.conf     encoding          Makefile.win  README.cmake
buildconf      file_io           memory        shmem
//进入这个源码包可以看见里面被解压出来的东西
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr
...
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating include/apr.h
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
rm: cannot remove 'libtoolT': No such file or directory
config.status: executing default commands
//生成Makefile
一般常用的有 --prefix=PREFIX 这个选项的意思是定义软件包安装到哪里
建议，源码包都是安装在/opt/目录下或者/usr/local/src目录下面
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make
...
gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I./include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private  export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^\#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> apr.exp
sed 's,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed,' < apr-1-config > apr-config.out
sed -e 's,^\(apr_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1,' -e 's,^\(top_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1,' < build/apr_rules.mk > build/apr_rules.out
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0'
//编译生成Makefile，此处虽然出现了make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0'，但是没关系可以继续进行下一步安装
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make install
...
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/mkdir.sh /usr/local/src/apr/build-1
for f in make_exports.awk make_var_export.awk; do \
    /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/${f} /usr/local/src/apr/build-1; \
done
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/src/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/src/apr/bin/apr-1-config
//进行安装
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# cd /usr/local/src/apr/
[root@lnh apr]# ls
bin  build-1  include  lib
//进入apr的路径进行查看，默认情况下，系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib，/usr/lib，我们需要进行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中创建以.conf为后缀名的文件，而后把要增添的路径直接写至此文件中。此时库文件增添的搜索路径重启后有效，若要使用增添的路径立即生效则要使用ldconfig命令
[root@lnh apr]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr/lib/ >apr.conf
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd -
/usr/local/src/apr
//切换到前一个工作目录
[root@lnh apr]# ldconfig 
//使命令生效
[root@lnh apr]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr/include/ /usr/include/apr
[root@lnh apr]# ll /usr/include/apr/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 12 20:18 apr-1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   27 Jul 12 20:44 include -> /usr/local/src/apr/include/
将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下

折叠

安装apr-util

[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install expat-devel libxml2-devel pcre-devel
//需要先安装这个依赖
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz 
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0         apr-util-1.6.1         httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
//解压到当前目录
[root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ls
aprutil.dep       CHANGES            include         NWGNUmakefile
aprutil.dsp       CMakeLists.txt     ldap            README
aprutil.dsw       config.layout      libaprutil.dep  README.cmake
aprutil.mak       configure          libaprutil.dsp  README.FREETDS
apr-util.pc.in    configure.in       libaprutil.mak  redis
apr-util.spec     crypto             libaprutil.rc   renames_pending
apu-config.in     dbd                LICENSE         strmatch
buckets           dbm                Makefile.in     test
build             docs               Makefile.win    uri
build.conf        encoding           memcache        xlate
buildconf         export_vars.sh.in  misc            xml
build-outputs.mk  hooks              NOTICE
//进入源码包查看被解压出来的东西
[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr
...
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating export_vars.sh
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-util.pc
config.status: creating apu-1-config
config.status: creating include/private/apu_select_dbm.h
config.status: creating include/apr_ldap.h
config.status: creating include/apu.h
config.status: creating include/apu_want.h
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating include/private/apu_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
//生成Makefile文件，需要伴随着上一个指定的依赖
[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make
...
gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1    exports.c | grep "ap_hack_" | sed -e 's/^.*[)]\(.*\);$/\1/' >> aprutil.exp
gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1    export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^\#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> aprutil.exp
sed 's,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed,' < apu-1-config > apu-config.out
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1'
//编译生成的Makefile文件，出现make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1'这个没有关系可以继续进行下一步安装
[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make install
...
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/src/apr-util/lib
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/src/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config
//进行安装
[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util/
[root@lnh apr-util]# ls
bin  include  lib
//切换到apr-util安装目录进行查看，默认情况下，系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib，/usr/lib，我们需要进行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中创建以.conf为后缀名的文件，而后把要增添的路径直接写至此文件中。此时库文件增添的搜索路径重启后有效，若要使用增添的路径立即生效则要使用ldconfig命令
[root@lnh apr-util]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr-util/ >apr-util.conf 
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd -
/usr/local/src/apr-util
//切换到上一个工作目录
[root@lnh apr-util]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr-util/include/ /usr/include/apr
-util
//将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下

折叠

安装httpd

[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz 
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0         apr-util-1.6.1         httpd-2.4.54
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//解压到当前目录
[root@lnh xbz]# cd httpd-2.4.54/
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE     CMakeLists.txt  InstallBin.dsp  README
acinclude.m4     config.layout   LAYOUT          README.CHANGES
Apache-apr2.dsw  configure       libhttpd.dep    README.cmake
Apache.dsw       configure.in    libhttpd.dsp    README.platforms
apache_probes.d  docs            libhttpd.mak    ROADMAP
ap.d             emacs-style     LICENSE         server
build            httpd.dep       Makefile.in     srclib
BuildAll.dsp     httpd.dsp       Makefile.win    support
BuildBin.dsp     httpd.mak       modules         test
buildconf        httpd.spec      NOTICE          VERSIONING
CHANGES          include         NWGNUmakefile
changes-entries  INSTALL         os
//查看被解压出来的东西
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/httpd --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/src/apr-util
...
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands
configure: summary of build options:

    Server Version: 2.4.54
    Install prefix: /usr/local/src/httpd
    C compiler:     gcc
    CFLAGS:          -g -O2 -pthread  
    CPPFLAGS:        -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE  
    LDFLAGS:           
    LIBS:             
    C preprocessor: gcc -E

//生成Makefile文件
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make
...
/usr/local/src/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc  -g -O2 -pthread           -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /usr/local/src/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version  mod_rewrite.lo 
make[4]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules'
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support'

make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54'
//编译生成Makefile文件，出现的一些没有读取到的问题没有关系，继续进行下一步
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make install
...
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54'
//进行安装
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd/
[root@lnh httpd]# ls
bin    cgi-bin  error   icons    logs  manual
build  conf     htdocs  include  man   modules
//切换到httpd的安装目录进行查看，默认情况下，系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib，/usr/lib
[root@lnh httpd]# ln -s /usr/local/src/httpd/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@lnh httpd]# ll  /usr/include/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jul 12 21:23 /usr/include/httpd -> /usr/local/src/httpd/include/
//将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下
[root@lnh httpd]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/src/httpd/bin" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@lnh httpd]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh 
//配置httpd的全局环境变量，并生成效果
[root@lnh httpd]# which httpd 
/usr/local/src/httpd/bin/httpd
[root@lnh httpd]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/local/src/httpd/man
//添加后面这一行
[root@lnh ~]# httpd
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fe57:f6f5%ens33. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 35719) already running
//启动服务
[root@lnh ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128                  *:80                  *:*              
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22               [::]:*
//查看端口              
[root@lnh ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
//关闭防火墙

折叠

服务80端口

源码编译报错信息处理

checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found.  Please read the documentation.
//解决方案
[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
提前把这两个依赖包安装好才可以进行生成Makefile文件

无法进行生成两个依赖包的Makefile文件
//解决方案
[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget
提前下载编译工具

init程序的三种风格

SysV⻛格：init（centos5），实现系统初始化时，随后的初始化操作都是借助于脚本来实现的，(/etc/inittab)
Upstart风格：init（centos6），由ubuntu研发的，通过总线形式以接近于并行的方式工作，效率比SysV高，配置文件(/etc/inittab，/etc/init/*.conf)
Systemd风格：systemd（centos7），启动速度快，系统引导时实现服务并行启动，比前两者的效率都高，配置文件(/usr/lib/systemd/system，/etc/systemd/system)

init程序三种风格的特点

SysV⻛格特点：

脚本中含有大量的命令，每个命令都要启动一个进程，命令执行完以后就要终止这个进程。如此一来，系统初始化时将大量的创建进程，销毁进程，工作效率会非常低
服务间可能会存在依赖关系，必须严格按照一定的顺序来启动服务，前一个服务没启动完后面的服务就无法执行启动过程。不能并行进行

Upstart风格特点:

基于总线方式能够让进程间互相通信的一个应用程序
不用等服务启动完成，只要一初始化就可以把自己的状态返回给其他进程

Systemd风格特点:

启动速度比SysV和Upstart都快
不需要通过任何脚本来启动服务，systemd自身就可以启动服务，其本身就是一个强大的解释器，启动服务时不需要sh/bash的参与
systemd不真正在系统初始化时去启动任何一个服务只要服务没用到，它告诉你启动了，实际上并没有启动。仅当第一次去访问时才会真正启动服务

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